Wisdom Stacks

Law OR Form AND Form 1. Identity Law P + 0 = P P ⋅ 1 = P 2. Idempotent Law P + P = P P ⋅ P = P 3. Commutative Law P + Q = Q + P P ⋅ Q = Q ⋅ P 4. Associative Law P + (Q + R) = (P + Q) + R P ⋅ (Q ⋅ R) = (P ⋅ Q) ⋅ R 5. Distributive Law P + (Q ⋅ R) = (P + Q) ⋅ (P + R) P ⋅ (Q + R) = (P ⋅ Q) + (P ⋅ R) 6. Inversion Law (A′)′ = A (A′)′ = A 7. De Morgan's Law (P + Q)′ = P′ ⋅ Q′ (P ⋅ Q)′ = P′ + Q′ 8. Complement Law P + P′ = 1 P ⋅ P′ = 0 9. Domination Law P + 1 = 1 P ⋅ 0 = 0 ...

Smoke Testing Definition: Smoke testing is a quick check that the basic and critical functions of an application work after a new build or deployment. It answers: “Is the build stable enough for deeper testing?” Key Points Executed immediately after a new build is deployed. Covers core paths only — broad but shallow. If it fails, the build is rejected; no further testing proceeds. Often automated in CI/CD; sometimes run by developers or QA. Analogy Like turning on a new appliance: if you see smoke, you don’t test every feature. Example (E-commerce) App starts and homepage loads. User can log in / sign up. Search returns results. Item can be added to cart. Checkout can be initiated. Smoke vs. Sanity vs. Regression Testing Sanity Testing Purpose: Verify a...

2020-02 Which of the following is/are TRUE regarding the Von Neumann architecture? Single Instruction, Multiple Data (SIMD) Single Program, Multiple Data (SPMD) Single Instruction Stream, Single Data Stream (SISD) Multiple Instruction, Multiple Data (MIMD) Multiple Instruction, Single Data (MISD) Solution The correct option regarding the Von Neumann architecture is (c) Single Instruction Stream, Single Data Stream (SISD) . The Von Neumann architecture is a foundational computer architecture where both data and instructions are stored in the same memory space. This architecture is characterized by a single processing unit that executes instructions sequentially, one at a time, and processes data from a single stream. This aligns with the definition of SISD (Single Instruction, Single Data) in Flynn's Taxonomy, which categorizes computer architectures based on their instruction and data strea...

Go to C:\xampp\htdocs directory Right click and open in terminal or open command line interface Run composer create-project codeigniter4/appstarter bookshop Go to C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts open in text editor (with admin rights) Add 127.0.0.1 bookshop.local and save Go to C:\xampp\apache\conf\extras\httpd-vhosts.conf open in text editor (with admin rights) Add <VirtualHost *:80> DocumentRoot "C:/xampp/htdocs/bookshop" ServerName bookshop.local <Directory "C:/xampp/htdocs/bookshop">           Require all granted         AllowOverride All     </Directory> </VirtualHost> Or <VirtualHost *:80> DocumentRoot "C:/xampp/htdocs/bookshop/public" ServerName bookshop.local </VirtualHost> Restart Xampp if needed If you are using Xampp first time, Open Xampp Control Panel Click config next to Apache Open php.ini ...

2020-01 What are the four major categories that computing hardware devices can be categorized into based on the functions that they can perform? Input, Editing, Storage, Output Input, Output, Processing, Storage Editing, Copying, Pasting, Storage Entering, Editing, Pasting, Copying Entering, Saving, Processing, Output Solution The four major categories that computing hardware devices can be categorized into based on the functions that they can perform are Input, Output, Processing, and Storage. [1] Therefore, the correct option is (b). 2021-01 Which of the following statements is/are CORRECT regarding computer hardware? They are used to perform input, process, storage and output activities. Very-low resolution display units are used to show extremely detailed graphical information. Smartphones cannot be considered computer hardware. Embedded cameras on laptop computers ar...

Google SMTP Configuration A simple guide to setting up Google's SMTP for sending emails. Step 1: Get an App Password To use Google's SMTP, you must use a specific App Password instead of your regular Google password. You can generate one by following these steps: Go to your Google Account settings . Navigate to Security . Security Find 2-Step Verification and make sure it's turned On . This is a requirement. Under the "Signing in to Google" section, find App Passwords . Or search it like below. Select a name for your app (e.g., "My Web App") or create one, and click "Generate"...

The Contrapositive: An Interactive Guide Unlock a fundamental concept in logic and math. What is a Contrapositive? In logic, every conditional statement of the form "If P, then Q" has a special partner called the contrapositive . The most important thing to remember is that a statement and its contrapositive are logically equivalent — if one is true, the other is guaranteed to be true as well. A conditional statement has two parts: the hypothesis (P) and the conclusion (Q) . To get the contrapositive, you simply swap the hypothesis and conclusion, and then negate both of them. Original Statement P → Q "If P, then Q" ...